Using I wish both for the present/future and the past. Put the verb in the appropriate form
1 I wish I ___________________ drunk and kissed Samantha. (get NEGATIVE) 2 I wish it ___________________ so much. The garden's turned to mud. (rain NEGATIVE) 3 If only I ___________________ there, I wouldn't have got a fine. (park NEGATIVE) 4 If only I ___________________ more time for my hobbies. (have)
5 I wish it ___________________ more often in Valencia. (rain)
6 I wish I ___________________ to go to your nephew's wedding. (have NEGATIVE) 7 I wish you ________________ so much. You're a complete idiot when you're drunk. (drink NEGATIVE)
8 If only it ___________________. The garden's as dry as a bone. (rain) 9 I wish Samantha ___________________ her hair more often. It looks so greasy all the time. (wash)
10 I wish you ___________________ so horrible to your brother. He's a really nice bloke. (be NEGATIVE)
11 I wish the council ___________________ that beautiful old house. It was part of the town's heritage. (demolish NEGATIVE)
12 If only I ___________________ the money to go to John's wedding in The States. (have) 13 I wish I ___________________ her she'd put on weight. She hates me now. (tell NEGATIVE)
14 I wish you ___________________ to your mother like that. (speak NEGATIVE) 15 If only we ___________________ a Hewlett Packard printer. The cartridges are so expensive. (buy NEGATIVE)
16 I wish Jorge ___________________ so fast. It's only a matter of time before he kills
Spanish-speakers often use wish when they should use hope. Read the following sentences and decide when wish is used correctly and when you should use hope. Some sentences may be correct.
1) It was lovely seeing you and I wish to see you again very soon in my house.
2) Going to the theme park together was great and I wish you enjoyed the experience.
3) I wish I’d visited you last summer when I had the chance.
4) I’m looking forward to having news from you soon and I wish you have a good time in New York.
5) My neighbour’s children are always shouting; I wish they wouldn’t be so noisy.
6) The performance was really good, but I wish more people will come next time.
7) I don’t many letters from you and I wish you’d write to me more often.
8) We wish you enjoy your stay at your hotel while you’re here in Tokyo.
Reunite: To come together again; to be brought back together.
Longing: A strong, persistent desire or craving.
Assassinated: To murder someone, especially a public figure, by sudden or secret attack.
Enormous: Extremely large; huge.
Pressure: The use of persuasion or influence to make someone do something.
Low: Not likely to happen or be successful; minimal.
Jam session: An informal gathering of musicians to play and improvise music.
DVD: Digital Versatile Disc; a type of optical disc used for storing digital data.
Legend: A famous or important person who is admired by many.
Trio: A group or set of three people or things.
Raunchy: Lacking taste, refinement, or delicacy; crude.
Indisputable: Unable to be challenged or denied; unquestionable.
Charisma: Compelling attractiveness or charm that inspires devotion in others.
Enthusiasm: Intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.
Abruptly: Suddenly and unexpectedly; without warning.
Back-up band: A group of musicians supporting a main performer.
Record store: A retail store that sells recorded music.
Stand out: To be clearly noticeable; to be distinctive or outstanding.
Manager: A person responsible for controlling or administering an organization or group.
Trend-setters: People or things that initiate or popularize new styles or trends.
Conquer: To successfully overcome or achieve a goal.
Disputes: Disagreements or arguments; conflicts.
Adhesive: Able to stick things together; a substance used for sticking objects together.
Forge: To produce a copy or imitation, usually with the intent to deceive; to create something fake.
Engravings: The art or process of cutting or carving a design on a hard surface, especially for printing.
Hurry: To do something quickly or hastily; a state of urgency or rush.
Experimented: To conduct a test or trial to discover something or test a hypothesis.
Regular: Occurring at fixed intervals; normal, standard, or customary.
Curtiss Jenny: A type of biplane used in the early 20th century, particularly associated with the inverted Jenny stamp.
Accidentally: Happening by chance or unintentionally; not planned or deliberate.
Inverted: Turned upside down or in the opposite direction.
Collecting: The action or hobby of collecting items, in this context, stamps.
Canton: A subdivision or administrative region within a country.
Rappen: A former currency unit in Switzerland.
Architect: A person who designs buildings and in this context, also stamp designs.
Imperial: Relating to an empire or emperor; possessing supreme authority.
Typewriter: A machine with keys for producing characters similar to print, operated by hand or by striking a ribbon.
Missionaries: Individuals involved in religious or charitable work, often in foreign countries.
Ribbon: A strip of material, typically cloth, used for tying, binding, or decorating.
Survived: Continued to exist or live after a difficult or dangerous experience.
Wipe Out:
To completely eliminate or destroy something.
Tournament:
A competition or contest in which participants compete against each other in a series of matches or games to determine a winner.
To My Full Potential:
Performing or achieving at the highest level of one's abilities or capabilities.
Assume:
To take for granted without verification; to suppose or believe something to be true without evidence.
Gossip:
Casual or idle talk, often about the personal affairs of others, typically involving details that may be sensational or unverified.
One Way or Another:
In one manner or another; by one means or another; using any available method.
Reinforce My Beliefs:
To strengthen or support one's existing beliefs, opinions, or convictions.
Just as Well:
Equally acceptable or advantageous; used to express that something is fortunate or convenient.
Harsh:
Severe, rough, or unkind; unpleasantly stern or cruel.
Overwhelmed:
To be overpowered or overcome, often with a feeling of being excessively burdened or stressed.
Cheerful:
Full of good spirits; happy, optimistic, and in a positive or lively mood.
To Be Short On:
Lacking an adequate supply of something; not having enough of a particular resource.
Wouldn't Miss It for the World:
A strong expression indicating that someone is very eager or determined to attend or participate in an event.
Account For:
To provide an explanation or justification for something; to take into consideration or include in calculations.
Put Thought In:
To consider carefully; to invest mental effort in planning or contemplating.
Appealing:
Attractive or interesting; evoking a positive response or desire.
Hazardous:
Involving risks or dangers; potentially harmful or unsafe.
Blizzard:
A severe snowstorm characterised by strong winds and low visibility due to blowing snow.
Captivity:
The state of being confined or held in captivity; the condition of being imprisoned or restricted.
Timid:
Showing a lack of confidence or courage; shy, easily frightened, or hesitant.
Jaguars:
Large, carnivorous felines belonging to the Panthera genus, known for their powerful build and distinctive coat pattern. Jaguars are native to the Americas and are apex predators.
Ripen:
To undergo the process of becoming mature or ready for consumption, often referring to fruits or other produce reaching their optimal stage for eating.
Give It a Miss:
To choose not to participate or partake in something; to skip or avoid an activity or event.
Spoiled for Choice:
Having a wide range of options or alternatives to choose from, often making the decision-making process difficult due to the abundance of good choices.
Real Treat:
Something enjoyable or delightful; an experience or item that brings genuine pleasure or satisfaction.
Make Good Use Of:
To utilise or employ something effectively and productively; to derive value or benefit from a resource or opportunity.
Take Advantage Of:
To make the most of an opportunity; to use a situation or resource to one's benefit, often in a positive or strategic way.
More Often Than Not:
A phrase indicating that something occurs or is true a majority of the time; more frequently than not; commonly or usually.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/writing/b2-writing/opinion-essay
Useful tips and vocabulary: https://www.englishrevealed.co.uk/fce_writing.php
In your English class, you have been talking about buying a house. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.
Write an essay using all your notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
Some young people find it hard to buy their first house or flat. Do you agree?
NOTES:
Write about....
1. Savings
2. Property prices
3. ................ (your own idea)
1) It wasn't Mark that you met in the shop.
HAVE
It ____ Mark that you met in the shop.
2) She was just going to have her breakfast when the phone rang.
ABOUT
She was just ____ breakfast when the phone rang.
3) Steve didn't manage to complete his work.
FAILED
Steve ____ his work.
4) How long has she been studying English?
BEGIN
When ____ studying English?
5) George wrote his last novel five years ago.
WAS
It _____ George wrote his last novel.
6) Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.
ATTENTION
Nobody _____ his bad behaviour.
Cats of all kinds are present in the legends, religion, mythology, and history of (1) ... different cultures. Cave paintings created by early humans display different types of wild cats (2) ... are now extinct, or no longer around. Many of these great beasts saw humans as food, but were hunted by humans in return. Cats similar (3) ... the ones kept as pets today started showing up in artwork thousands of years ago. For example, the ancient Egyptians believed cats were the sacred, or special, animal of a goddess named Bast. They believed that Bast often appeared as a cat, so many ancient Egyptians respected and honoured cats and kittens. (4) ..., other cultures feared cats or thought that they brought illnesses and bad luck. Today, with millions kept as pets in homes around the world, cats have become important members of many families. No one knows for sure when or (5) ... cats became very popular household pets. It's possible that people noticed how cats hunted mice and rats, (6) ... they set food and milk out to keep the cats near their homes. This helped to prevent (7) ... many of these rodents (8) ... coming into homes and eating people's food or spreading sickness.
1. I need to __ the amount of time I spend reading fashion blogs. I think I’m becoming addicted.
2. You don’t need to ___ to go to the mall. Jeans and a T-shirt are totally fine.
3. She bought a new dress so that she could ___ her fashionable dress.
4. I read Vogue magazine every month to __ the latest fashion.
5. I’m_____ for a new pair of boots. They’re expensive but I know I’ll wear them all the time.
6. I like to wear outrageous clothing so that I _ from the crowd.
7. My new shoes broke after two days. I’m going to _ them___ to the shop.
8. I _ a stylish outfit for my best friend’s birthday party.
9. It's cold outside, so don't forget to _ your jacket.
10. After a long day, I like to _ my shoes and relax.
11. I need to __ these jeans before deciding to buy them.
12. Make sure to __ warm if you're going outside in the snow.
13. Can you __ my dress for me, please?
14. I _ my sneakers and headed out for a run.
15. I'll just _ a sweater before we leave.
16. These pants are too long; I'll need to turn them up.
• Are any of your friends particularly interested in fashion?
• Are you interested in finding out about the latest fashions?
• Do any of your friends spend too much on clothes?
• Do you do anything to cut down on your spending on clothes?
• Do you have the same taste in clothes as your parents?
• Do you like sportswear?
• Do you plan to change your look?
• Do you prefer to go to shops or buy clothes online?
• Do you spend a lot of time thinking about what you are going to wear?
• Do you usually throw clothes away when you have stopped wearing them?
• Has your style changed since you were younger?
• How do you usually buy clothes?
• How fashion conscious are you?
• Is there anything that you would really like to change about your look?
• Tell us about the last time you regretted buying some clothes.
• Were you really into fashion when you were younger?
• What is your favourite accessory?
• What sort of clothes do you like?
• What things were trendy you when you were younger?
• Would you describe yourself as a fashion victim?
You will hear an interview with Pamela Green, a young fashion designer.
24 What helped Pamela to decide to become a fashion designer?
A working as an assistant in a fashion shop
B doing research into the fashion industry
C attending a course on fashion design
25 What does Pamela say about having a degree in fashion?
A It's essential for promotion.
B It's evidence of your ability.
C It guarantees you a better income.
26 Pamela says that when starting your own fashion label, it's most important to
A enjoy the creative process.
B contact shops that might sell it.
C have a business plan.
27 Where does Pamela usually find inspiration for her fashion designs?
A in the work of other designers
B in the styles of other countries
C in the clothes her friends wear
28 What aspect of her work does Pamela find most difficult to deal with?
A the pressure to meet deadlines
B the failure of some of her designs
C the need to attend fashion shows
29 According to Pamela, successful designers need to be able to
A predict future fashions.
B recognise all past styles.
C get their designs published.
30 What advice does Pamela have for people who want a career in fashion?
A Be aware of the options available.
B Don't be afraid of sudden fame.
C Learn from your own errors.
I remember _____ the Queen in London.
a. meet
b. to meet
c. meeting
d. to meeting
Did you remember _____ the letter?
a. post
b. to post
c. posting
d. to posting
I'm not used _____ up this early.
a. get
b. to get
c. getting
d. to getting
I used _____ to the cinema a lot.
a. go
b. to go
c. going
d. to going
I regret _____ Mary about the weddding.
a. tell
b. to tell
c. telling
d. to telling
Mrs Jones, I regret _____ you that your credit limit has been exceeded.
a. inform
b. to inform
c. informing
d. to informing
Stop _____ this terrible noise at once!
a. make
b. to make
c. making
d. to making
I wanted to stop _____ some presents, but we didn't have enough time.
a. to
b. to buy
c. buying
d. to buying
Look, it's starting _____ .
a. rain
b. to rain
c. raining
d. to raining
I started _____ English when I was four.
a. learn
b. to learn
c. learning
d. to learning
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1d5qMOLasd0fwbtDKw61J34hsulVpGQ2Z/view?usp=sharing
1. Do you need ______________ (revise) gerunds and infinitives?
2. I can't help ______________ (sleep) in late. It's Sunday!
3. Do you mind ______________ (wait) for me? I'll only be five minutes.
4. Did you manage ______________ (book) the hotel for this weekend?
5. I'll never forget ______________ (meet) you for the first time.
6. You forgot ______________ (lock) the door last night.
7. Will you be able ______________ (give) me a lift to the airport tomorrow? 8. Don't you remember ______________ (tell) me that yesterday?
9. You're not allowed ______________ (park) here.
10. I learned ______________ (speak) English when I was at five.
11. What are you planning on ______________ (do) tonight?
12. My computers broken but I can't afford ______________ (buy) a new one.
13. The lady demanded ______________ (speak) to the manager.
14. You should stop ______________ (smoke), it's not good for your health. 15. You are required ______________ (complete) this worksheet.
16. Did you remember ______________ (turn) off the air conditioner?
17. Your bedroom is so dirty. It needs ______________ (clean).
18. I enjoy ______________ (spend) time at home.
19. I'll carry on ______________ (work) until I get tired.
20. If I tell you a secret, do you promise ______________ (not tell) anybody?
21. It's getting late. We'd better be ______________ (go) home soon.
22. Would you like ______________ (help) me move house?
23. Do you fancy ______________ (watch) a movie tonight?
24. I regret ______________ (tell) Craig my secret. Now he has told everyone.
25. I tried ______________ (get) to class on time but the bus was delayed.
Complete the following sentences with the correct form, infinitive or gerund.
I will never forget ______________________________________ as it was an awesome experience.
People usually regret ________________________________________________ and it annoys me!
I will never stop __________________________________________ and it makes me so happy!
Please remember ________________________________________________________________
I never mean ________________________ good people because ________________________
I was very tired so I stopped ____________________________________________________
That’s a pretty bad habit, but I go on _______________________________________________
When there is no way I would try ___________________________________________________
Living in Spain means ___________________________________________________________
My teacher always forgets _______________________________________________________
Look at these sentences from a letter written by an English student. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any.
1. I'm bored to study grammar all the time. I want to listen to songs!
2. When I was younger, I used speaking in English a lot but I don't anymore.
3. Last year, I chose writing a composition on Jane Austen, my favourite author.
4. Listening in English is really difficult for me. I need concentrating so much!
5. The teacher told me off last week because I stopped working in class to send a text message. 6. We have a big exam next month and I really need to study hard for it.
7. I'm frightened of failing - then I'll have to repeat the exam next year.
8. So excuse me, I'm going to revise my vocabulary lists and begin doing some listening practice.
I can't imagine Peter (go) by bike.
He agreed (buy) a new car.
The question is easy (answer).
The man asked me how (get) to the airport.
I look forward to (see) you at the weekend.
Are you thinking of (visit) London?
We decided (run) through the forest.
The teacher expected Sarah (study) hard.
She doesn't mind (work) the night shift.
I learned (ride) the bike at the age of 5.
https://www.examenglish.com/B2/b2_listening_accommodation.htm
Are there any words you find confusing in English?
"This English is very difficult. I never realised how difficult English is."
What are the advantages of learning languages?
Has learning a foreign language helped you to improve your travelling experience/career/love life/brain power?
• Do you think you have a healthy life style?
• Is it possible to have a healthy life style in the modern world?
• Why do many people try to have a healthy life style?
• What is the main purpose of it?
1. You __________________________ use this product without protection.
a) aren’t supposed
b) are not meant
c) ‘d better not
2. You ________________________ go to the ceremony if you don't feel like it. It'll be very boring anyway.
a) mustn’t
b) haven’t to
c) don’t have to
3. We took too much risk. We _________________________ that decision.
a) mustn’t made
b) shouldn’t make
c) needn’t have made
4. He ________________________ the bus because his brother picked him up at the station.
a) shouldn’t have taken
b) needn’t have taken
c) didn’t need to take
5. He ________________________ so much money on the trip. I specially told him to spend as little as possible.
a) shouldn’t spend
b) had better not spend
c) shouldn’t have spent
6. The refugees ________________________________ to work outside the camp.
a) had better not
b) are not allowed
c) mustn’t
7. We couldn't find a hotel so we ___________________________ in the car. It was so uncomfortable!
a) must have slept
b) should have slept
c) had to sleep
8. You ___________________________________ forget to take your medicine.
a) ought to
b) mustn’t
c) don’t have to
Fill in each gap with one suitable word or two contracted words (e.g. shouldn’t, mustn’t, needn’t or similar).
TEACHER: What are you doing here? You are not _________________________ to be here.
STUDENT: Sorry, I know students _____________________ not go into the staffroom, but I
really need to speak with Mr. Donovan.
TEACHER: Well, you ________________________ have come in here to talk to him. It wasn't
really necessary. You could have gone to the principal's office and ask him to call Mr. Donovan.
Actually, that's what you ______________________________ have done.
STUDENT: I'm sorry, I wasn't thinking straight. I really ____________________ to talk to him
urgently.
TEACHER: Well, you'd ___________________ think straight the next time, OK? Now, if you want
to talk to Mr. Donovan, you don't __________________ to go to the principal's. I'll call him
myself. And, please, you __________________ to take that chewing gum out of your mouth.
You know that chewing gum is not _________________ on school premises.
You ______________________ better not do it again, or I'll have to send you to detention.
STUDENT: OK, Mr. Harris. Thanks.
Choose the correct option to complete the following sentences.
1. Paul's class starts at 8:30. It's 8:45 and he's not here yet. He __________________. a) might have missed the bus.
b) must be sick.
c) must have been sick.
d) must have missed the bus.
2. My plants are dead. I ______________________________________________. a) must give them more water.
b) couldn't give them enough water.
c) can't have given them enough water.
d) can't not have given them enough water.
3. My white shirt now has green streaks in it. I _________________________________. a) can't have washed it properly.
b) can't wash it properly.
c) must to wash it properly.
d) must not have not washed it properly.
4. I don't know why he hasn't called me back. He _____________________________. a) might have forgotten my number.
b) might forget my number.
c) must have forgotten my number.
d) might be forgetting my number.
5. My friend promised to pick me up at 7:00. It's now 7:25 and I don't see him. He _____. a) must have forgotten.
b) might be forgetting.
c) might have forgotten.
d) might forget.
6. Our son promised to clean his room, but it is still messy. He ___________________. a) can't clean it.
b) cannot clean it.
c) couldn't to have cleaned it.
d) couldn't have cleaned it.
7. The hockey player's injury kept him out of the Stanley Cup Playoffs. He ___________. a) must have been disappointed.
b) must have been disappointing.
c) might have been disappointed.
d) must have been disappointment.
8. Look! Our car isn't in the driveway! Somebody ________________________. a) might have stolen it.
b) could have stolen it.
c) must have stolen it.
d) must be stealing it.
9. Betty said she was hungry, but she didn't eat very much after all. She _____________. a) can't like the food.
b) couldn't have been hungry.
c) couldn't have liked the food.
d) couldn't like the food.
10. The twins have guilty expressions on their faces. They _______________________. a) might do something naughty.
b) might have done something naughty.
c) must have done something naughty.
d) must do something naughty.
In the FCE exam, you might get questions for this in part 2 (open cloze). Choose the best word to complete these sentences.
1. No one knows how he died, but one theory is that it _____________ have been a tragic accident.
2. The potato crops may have _________________ destroyed by insects.
3. Scientists have many theories about what might _______________ causing global warming.
4. When zoologists measured the spiders, they realised that they must _______________ been at least 16cm in length.
5. I should have __________________ homework more often when I was at school.
6. It is not true that the Great Wall of China can _________________ seen from the moon.
You might also get this tested in the Key Transformations. Rewrite these sentences using 2-5 words including the word given in brackets. You cannot change the word given.
1. I'm sure he didn't understand what I was saying to him.
He ________________________________ what I was saying to him. (misunderstood)
2. It's possible that he missed his train.
He ________________________________________ his train. (might)
3. It was very wrong of you to borrow my car without asking.
You ______________________________________ my car without asking. (have)
4. Maybe Tom is looking for a new place to live.
Tom __________________________________ for a new place to live. (could)
5. Why aren't you at home revising for your exam?
You ____________________________________ for your exam at home now. (be)
FCE PART 4 - REPORTED SPEECH
1. 'What do you think of the college?' she asked me.
ASKED
She _________________________________________________ of the college. 2. 'I'll call you later tonight,' Keith promised.
WOULD
Keith promised that ________________________________________________ night. 3. 'I didn't break the window,' said the boy.
DENIED
The boy ___________________________________________________________ the window. 4. 'Why don't you come this evening?'
SUGGESTED
She _________________________________________________________ that evening. 5. 'You look really tired,' he told her.
SAID
He __________________________________________________________ really tired. 6. 'You must do your homework tonight.' the teacher said.
TOLD
The teacher ____________________________________________ my homework that night. 7. 'What's your name?' he asked.
KNOW
He _____________________________________________________ what my name was. 8. 'I might be late for dinner.' he told me.
INFORMED
He ___________________________________________________ might be late for dinner.
• Do you ever go to concerts?
• How much TV do you watch in a week?
• Do you like the same TV programmes as your parents?
• Tell me about a TV programme you've seen recently.
• Do you enjoy going to parties?
• How often do you read newspapers?
• Do you like going to the cinema?
• Tell me about your favourite film star.
• Do you enjoy playing computer games?
• Do you use the Internet much?
UoE Part 1
UoE Part 2
UoE Part 3
UoE Part 4